Implement Canvas support for iced_tiny_skia

wgpu/src/backend.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 use crate::quad;
 use crate::text;
 use crate::triangle;
-use crate::{Settings, Transformation};
+use crate::{Layer, Primitive, Settings, Transformation};
 
 use iced_graphics::backend;
-use iced_graphics::layer::Layer;
-use iced_graphics::{Color, Font, Primitive, Size, Viewport};
+use iced_graphics::{Color, Font, Size, Viewport};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
 use tracing::info_span;
@@ -330,6 +329,8 @@ impl Backend {
 }
 
 impl iced_graphics::Backend for Backend {
+    type Geometry = ();
+
     fn trim_measurements(&mut self) {
         self.text_pipeline.trim_measurement_cache()
     }

wgpu/src/image.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ use iced_graphics::image::raster;
 #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
 use iced_graphics::image::vector;
 
+use crate::layer;
 use crate::{Buffer, Transformation};
 use atlas::Atlas;
 
-use iced_graphics::layer;
 use iced_native::{Rectangle, Size};
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;

wgpu/src/layer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+//! Organize rendering primitives into a flattened list of layers.
+mod image;
+mod quad;
+mod text;
+
+pub mod mesh;
+
+pub use image::Image;
+pub use mesh::Mesh;
+pub use quad::Quad;
+pub use text::Text;
+
+use crate::Primitive;
+
+use iced_graphics::alignment;
+use iced_graphics::{
+    Background, Color, Font, Point, Rectangle, Size, Vector, Viewport,
+};
+
+/// A group of primitives that should be clipped together.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Layer<'a> {
+    /// The clipping bounds of the [`Layer`].
+    pub bounds: Rectangle,
+
+    /// The quads of the [`Layer`].
+    pub quads: Vec<Quad>,
+
+    /// The triangle meshes of the [`Layer`].
+    pub meshes: Vec<Mesh<'a>>,
+
+    /// The text of the [`Layer`].
+    pub text: Vec<Text<'a>>,
+
+    /// The images of the [`Layer`].
+    pub images: Vec<Image>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Layer<'a> {
+    /// Creates a new [`Layer`] with the given clipping bounds.
+    pub fn new(bounds: Rectangle) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bounds,
+            quads: Vec::new(),
+            meshes: Vec::new(),
+            text: Vec::new(),
+            images: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new [`Layer`] for the provided overlay text.
+    ///
+    /// This can be useful for displaying debug information.
+    pub fn overlay(lines: &'a [impl AsRef<str>], viewport: &Viewport) -> Self {
+        let mut overlay =
+            Layer::new(Rectangle::with_size(viewport.logical_size()));
+
+        for (i, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
+            let text = Text {
+                content: line.as_ref(),
+                bounds: Rectangle::new(
+                    Point::new(11.0, 11.0 + 25.0 * i as f32),
+                    Size::INFINITY,
+                ),
+                color: Color::new(0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1.0),
+                size: 20.0,
+                font: Font::Monospace,
+                horizontal_alignment: alignment::Horizontal::Left,
+                vertical_alignment: alignment::Vertical::Top,
+            };
+
+            overlay.text.push(text);
+
+            overlay.text.push(Text {
+                bounds: text.bounds + Vector::new(-1.0, -1.0),
+                color: Color::BLACK,
+                ..text
+            });
+        }
+
+        overlay
+    }
+
+    /// Distributes the given [`Primitive`] and generates a list of layers based
+    /// on its contents.
+    pub fn generate(
+        primitives: &'a [Primitive],
+        viewport: &Viewport,
+    ) -> Vec<Self> {
+        let first_layer =
+            Layer::new(Rectangle::with_size(viewport.logical_size()));
+
+        let mut layers = vec![first_layer];
+
+        for primitive in primitives {
+            Self::process_primitive(
+                &mut layers,
+                Vector::new(0.0, 0.0),
+                primitive,
+                0,
+            );
+        }
+
+        layers
+    }
+
+    fn process_primitive(
+        layers: &mut Vec<Self>,
+        translation: Vector,
+        primitive: &'a Primitive,
+        current_layer: usize,
+    ) {
+        match primitive {
+            Primitive::Text {
+                content,
+                bounds,
+                size,
+                color,
+                font,
+                horizontal_alignment,
+                vertical_alignment,
+            } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+
+                layer.text.push(Text {
+                    content,
+                    bounds: *bounds + translation,
+                    size: *size,
+                    color: *color,
+                    font: *font,
+                    horizontal_alignment: *horizontal_alignment,
+                    vertical_alignment: *vertical_alignment,
+                });
+            }
+            Primitive::Quad {
+                bounds,
+                background,
+                border_radius,
+                border_width,
+                border_color,
+            } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+
+                // TODO: Move some of these computations to the GPU (?)
+                layer.quads.push(Quad {
+                    position: [
+                        bounds.x + translation.x,
+                        bounds.y + translation.y,
+                    ],
+                    size: [bounds.width, bounds.height],
+                    color: match background {
+                        Background::Color(color) => color.into_linear(),
+                    },
+                    border_radius: *border_radius,
+                    border_width: *border_width,
+                    border_color: border_color.into_linear(),
+                });
+            }
+            Primitive::Image { handle, bounds } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+
+                layer.images.push(Image::Raster {
+                    handle: handle.clone(),
+                    bounds: *bounds + translation,
+                });
+            }
+            Primitive::Svg {
+                handle,
+                color,
+                bounds,
+            } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+
+                layer.images.push(Image::Vector {
+                    handle: handle.clone(),
+                    color: *color,
+                    bounds: *bounds + translation,
+                });
+            }
+            Primitive::SolidMesh { buffers, size } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+
+                let bounds = Rectangle::new(
+                    Point::new(translation.x, translation.y),
+                    *size,
+                );
+
+                // Only draw visible content
+                if let Some(clip_bounds) = layer.bounds.intersection(&bounds) {
+                    layer.meshes.push(Mesh::Solid {
+                        origin: Point::new(translation.x, translation.y),
+                        buffers,
+                        clip_bounds,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            Primitive::GradientMesh {
+                buffers,
+                size,
+                gradient,
+            } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+
+                let bounds = Rectangle::new(
+                    Point::new(translation.x, translation.y),
+                    *size,
+                );
+
+                // Only draw visible content
+                if let Some(clip_bounds) = layer.bounds.intersection(&bounds) {
+                    layer.meshes.push(Mesh::Gradient {
+                        origin: Point::new(translation.x, translation.y),
+                        buffers,
+                        clip_bounds,
+                        gradient,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            Primitive::Group { primitives } => {
+                // TODO: Inspect a bit and regroup (?)
+                for primitive in primitives {
+                    Self::process_primitive(
+                        layers,
+                        translation,
+                        primitive,
+                        current_layer,
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            Primitive::Clip { bounds, content } => {
+                let layer = &mut layers[current_layer];
+                let translated_bounds = *bounds + translation;
+
+                // Only draw visible content
+                if let Some(clip_bounds) =
+                    layer.bounds.intersection(&translated_bounds)
+                {
+                    let clip_layer = Layer::new(clip_bounds);
+                    layers.push(clip_layer);
+
+                    Self::process_primitive(
+                        layers,
+                        translation,
+                        content,
+                        layers.len() - 1,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            Primitive::Translate {
+                translation: new_translation,
+                content,
+            } => {
+                Self::process_primitive(
+                    layers,
+                    translation + *new_translation,
+                    content,
+                    current_layer,
+                );
+            }
+            Primitive::Cache { content } => {
+                Self::process_primitive(
+                    layers,
+                    translation,
+                    content,
+                    current_layer,
+                );
+            }
+            Primitive::Fill { .. } | Primitive::Stroke { .. } => {
+                // Unsupported!
+                // TODO: Draw a placeholder (?)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

wgpu/src/layer/image.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use crate::{Color, Rectangle};
+
+use iced_native::{image, svg};
+
+/// A raster or vector image.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Image {
+    /// A raster image.
+    Raster {
+        /// The handle of a raster image.
+        handle: image::Handle,
+
+        /// The bounds of the image.
+        bounds: Rectangle,
+    },
+    /// A vector image.
+    Vector {
+        /// The handle of a vector image.
+        handle: svg::Handle,
+
+        /// The [`Color`] filter
+        color: Option<Color>,
+
+        /// The bounds of the image.
+        bounds: Rectangle,
+    },
+}

wgpu/src/layer/mesh.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//! A collection of triangle primitives.
+use crate::primitive;
+use crate::{Gradient, Point, Rectangle};
+
+/// A mesh of triangles.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Mesh<'a> {
+    /// A mesh of triangles with a solid color.
+    Solid {
+        /// The origin of the vertices of the [`Mesh`].
+        origin: Point,
+
+        /// The vertex and index buffers of the [`Mesh`].
+        buffers: &'a primitive::Mesh2D<primitive::ColoredVertex2D>,
+
+        /// The clipping bounds of the [`Mesh`].
+        clip_bounds: Rectangle<f32>,
+    },
+    /// A mesh of triangles with a gradient color.
+    Gradient {
+        /// The origin of the vertices of the [`Mesh`].
+        origin: Point,
+
+        /// The vertex and index buffers of the [`Mesh`].
+        buffers: &'a primitive::Mesh2D<primitive::Vertex2D>,
+
+        /// The clipping bounds of the [`Mesh`].
+        clip_bounds: Rectangle<f32>,
+
+        /// The gradient to apply to the [`Mesh`].
+        gradient: &'a Gradient,
+    },
+}
+
+impl Mesh<'_> {
+    /// Returns the origin of the [`Mesh`].
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> Point {
+        match self {
+            Self::Solid { origin, .. } | Self::Gradient { origin, .. } => {
+                *origin
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the indices of the [`Mesh`].
+    pub fn indices(&self) -> &[u32] {
+        match self {
+            Self::Solid { buffers, .. } => &buffers.indices,
+            Self::Gradient { buffers, .. } => &buffers.indices,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the clip bounds of the [`Mesh`].
+    pub fn clip_bounds(&self) -> Rectangle<f32> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Solid { clip_bounds, .. }
+            | Self::Gradient { clip_bounds, .. } => *clip_bounds,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The result of counting the attributes of a set of meshes.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct AttributeCount {
+    /// The total amount of solid vertices.
+    pub solid_vertices: usize,
+
+    /// The total amount of gradient vertices.
+    pub gradient_vertices: usize,
+
+    /// The total amount of indices.
+    pub indices: usize,
+}
+
+/// Returns the number of total vertices & total indices of all [`Mesh`]es.
+pub fn attribute_count_of<'a>(meshes: &'a [Mesh<'a>]) -> AttributeCount {
+    meshes
+        .iter()
+        .fold(AttributeCount::default(), |mut count, mesh| {
+            match mesh {
+                Mesh::Solid { buffers, .. } => {
+                    count.solid_vertices += buffers.vertices.len();
+                    count.indices += buffers.indices.len();
+                }
+                Mesh::Gradient { buffers, .. } => {
+                    count.gradient_vertices += buffers.vertices.len();
+                    count.indices += buffers.indices.len();
+                }
+            }
+
+            count
+        })
+}

wgpu/src/layer/quad.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/// A colored rectangle with a border.
+///
+/// This type can be directly uploaded to GPU memory.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct Quad {
+    /// The position of the [`Quad`].
+    pub position: [f32; 2],
+
+    /// The size of the [`Quad`].
+    pub size: [f32; 2],
+
+    /// The color of the [`Quad`], in __linear RGB__.
+    pub color: [f32; 4],
+
+    /// The border color of the [`Quad`], in __linear RGB__.
+    pub border_color: [f32; 4],
+
+    /// The border radius of the [`Quad`].
+    pub border_radius: [f32; 4],
+
+    /// The border width of the [`Quad`].
+    pub border_width: f32,
+}
+
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+unsafe impl bytemuck::Zeroable for Quad {}
+
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+unsafe impl bytemuck::Pod for Quad {}

wgpu/src/layer/text.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use crate::{alignment, Color, Font, Rectangle};
+
+/// A paragraph of text.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Text<'a> {
+    /// The content of the [`Text`].
+    pub content: &'a str,
+
+    /// The layout bounds of the [`Text`].
+    pub bounds: Rectangle,
+
+    /// The color of the [`Text`], in __linear RGB_.
+    pub color: Color,
+
+    /// The size of the [`Text`].
+    pub size: f32,
+
+    /// The font of the [`Text`].
+    pub font: Font,
+
+    /// The horizontal alignment of the [`Text`].
+    pub horizontal_alignment: alignment::Horizontal,
+
+    /// The vertical alignment of the [`Text`].
+    pub vertical_alignment: alignment::Vertical,
+}

wgpu/src/lib.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 )]
 #![deny(
     missing_debug_implementations,
-    missing_docs,
+    //missing_docs,
     unsafe_code,
     unused_results,
     clippy::extra_unused_lifetimes,
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
 #![allow(clippy::inherent_to_string, clippy::type_complexity)]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
 
+pub mod layer;
 pub mod settings;
+pub mod widget;
 pub mod window;
 
 mod backend;
@@ -47,16 +49,23 @@ mod quad;
 mod text;
 mod triangle;
 
+pub use iced_graphics::primitive;
 pub use iced_graphics::{
-    Antialiasing, Color, Error, Font, Primitive, Viewport,
+    Antialiasing, Color, Error, Font, Gradient, Point, Rectangle, Size, Vector,
+    Viewport,
 };
+pub use iced_native::alignment;
+
 pub use iced_native::Theme;
 pub use wgpu;
 
 pub use backend::Backend;
+pub use layer::Layer;
+pub use primitive::Primitive;
 pub use settings::Settings;
 
-use crate::buffer::Buffer;
+use buffer::Buffer;
+
 use iced_graphics::Transformation;
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "image", feature = "svg"))]

wgpu/src/quad.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+use crate::layer;
 use crate::{Buffer, Transformation};
-use iced_graphics::layer;
+
 use iced_native::Rectangle;
 
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};

wgpu/src/text.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+use crate::layer::Text;
+
 pub use iced_native::text::Hit;
 
-use iced_graphics::layer::Text;
 use iced_native::alignment;
 use iced_native::{Color, Font, Rectangle, Size};
 

wgpu/src/triangle.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 mod msaa;
 
 use crate::buffer::r#static::Buffer;
+use crate::layer::mesh::{self, Mesh};
 use crate::settings;
 use crate::Transformation;
 
-use iced_graphics::layer::mesh::{self, Mesh};
-use iced_graphics::triangle::ColoredVertex2D;
 use iced_graphics::Size;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
 use tracing::info_span;
 
@@ -468,6 +468,7 @@ mod solid {
     use crate::settings;
     use crate::triangle;
     use encase::ShaderType;
+    use iced_graphics::primitive;
     use iced_graphics::Transformation;
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ mod solid {
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct Layer {
-        pub vertices: Buffer<triangle::ColoredVertex2D>,
+        pub vertices: Buffer<primitive::ColoredVertex2D>,
         pub uniforms: dynamic::Buffer<Uniforms>,
         pub constants: wgpu::BindGroup,
     }
@@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ mod solid {
                         entry_point: "vs_main",
                         buffers: &[wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
                             array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<
-                                triangle::ColoredVertex2D,
+                                primitive::ColoredVertex2D,
                             >()
                                 as u64,
                             step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
@@ -637,7 +638,7 @@ mod gradient {
 
     use encase::ShaderType;
     use glam::{IVec4, Vec4};
-    use iced_graphics::triangle::Vertex2D;
+    use iced_graphics::primitive;
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct Pipeline {
@@ -647,7 +648,7 @@ mod gradient {
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct Layer {
-        pub vertices: Buffer<Vertex2D>,
+        pub vertices: Buffer<primitive::Vertex2D>,
         pub uniforms: dynamic::Buffer<Uniforms>,
         pub storage: dynamic::Buffer<Storage>,
         pub constants: wgpu::BindGroup,
@@ -810,34 +811,38 @@ mod gradient {
                     ),
                 });
 
-            let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(
-                &wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("iced_wgpu::triangle::gradient pipeline"),
-                    layout: Some(&layout),
-                    vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
-                        module: &shader,
-                        entry_point: "vs_main",
-                        buffers: &[wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
-                            array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<Vertex2D>()
-                                as u64,
-                            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
-                            attributes: &wgpu::vertex_attr_array!(
-                                // Position
-                                0 => Float32x2,
-                            ),
-                        }],
+            let pipeline =
+                device.create_render_pipeline(
+                    &wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+                        label: Some("iced_wgpu::triangle::gradient pipeline"),
+                        layout: Some(&layout),
+                        vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                            module: &shader,
+                            entry_point: "vs_main",
+                            buffers: &[wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+                                array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<
+                                    primitive::Vertex2D,
+                                >(
+                                )
+                                    as u64,
+                                step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
+                                attributes: &wgpu::vertex_attr_array!(
+                                    // Position
+                                    0 => Float32x2,
+                                ),
+                            }],
+                        },
+                        fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                            module: &shader,
+                            entry_point: "fs_main",
+                            targets: &[triangle::fragment_target(format)],
+                        }),
+                        primitive: triangle::primitive_state(),
+                        depth_stencil: None,
+                        multisample: triangle::multisample_state(antialiasing),
+                        multiview: None,
                     },
-                    fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
-                        module: &shader,
-                        entry_point: "fs_main",
-                        targets: &[triangle::fragment_target(format)],
-                    }),
-                    primitive: triangle::primitive_state(),
-                    depth_stencil: None,
-                    multisample: triangle::multisample_state(antialiasing),
-                    multiview: None,
-                },
-            );
+                );
 
             Self {
                 pipeline,

wgpu/src/widget.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//! Use the graphical widgets supported out-of-the-box.
+
+#[cfg(feature = "canvas")]
+#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "canvas")))]
+pub mod canvas;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "canvas")]
+#[doc(no_inline)]
+pub use canvas::Canvas;

wgpu/src/widget/canvas.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+mod cache;
+mod frame;
+mod geometry;
+
+pub use cache::Cache;
+pub use frame::Frame;
+pub use geometry::Geometry;
+
+pub use iced_native::widget::canvas::event::{self, Event};
+pub use iced_native::widget::canvas::fill::{self, Fill};
+pub use iced_native::widget::canvas::gradient::{self, Gradient};
+pub use iced_native::widget::canvas::path::{self, Path};
+pub use iced_native::widget::canvas::stroke::{self, Stroke};
+pub use iced_native::widget::canvas::{
+    Canvas, Cursor, LineCap, LineDash, LineJoin, Program, Renderer, Style, Text,
+};

wgpu/src/widget/canvas/cache.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+use crate::widget::canvas::{Frame, Geometry};
+use crate::Primitive;
+
+use iced_native::Size;
+use std::{cell::RefCell, sync::Arc};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+enum State {
+    #[default]
+    Empty,
+    Filled {
+        bounds: Size,
+        primitive: Arc<Primitive>,
+    },
+}
+
+/// A simple cache that stores generated [`Geometry`] to avoid recomputation.
+///
+/// A [`Cache`] will not redraw its geometry unless the dimensions of its layer
+/// change or it is explicitly cleared.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Cache {
+    state: RefCell<State>,
+}
+
+impl Cache {
+    /// Creates a new empty [`Cache`].
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Cache {
+            state: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Clears the [`Cache`], forcing a redraw the next time it is used.
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        *self.state.borrow_mut() = State::Empty;
+    }
+
+    /// Draws [`Geometry`] using the provided closure and stores it in the
+    /// [`Cache`].
+    ///
+    /// The closure will only be called when
+    /// - the bounds have changed since the previous draw call.
+    /// - the [`Cache`] is empty or has been explicitly cleared.
+    ///
+    /// Otherwise, the previously stored [`Geometry`] will be returned. The
+    /// [`Cache`] is not cleared in this case. In other words, it will keep
+    /// returning the stored [`Geometry`] if needed.
+    pub fn draw(
+        &self,
+        bounds: Size,
+        draw_fn: impl FnOnce(&mut Frame),
+    ) -> Geometry {
+        use std::ops::Deref;
+
+        if let State::Filled {
+            bounds: cached_bounds,
+            primitive,
+        } = self.state.borrow().deref()
+        {
+            if *cached_bounds == bounds {
+                return Geometry::from_primitive(Primitive::Cache {
+                    content: primitive.clone(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut frame = Frame::new(bounds);
+        draw_fn(&mut frame);
+
+        let primitive = Arc::new(frame.into_primitive());
+
+        *self.state.borrow_mut() = State::Filled {
+            bounds,
+            primitive: primitive.clone(),
+        };
+
+        Geometry::from_primitive(Primitive::Cache { content: primitive })
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for State {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            State::Empty => write!(f, "Empty"),
+            State::Filled { primitive, bounds } => f
+                .debug_struct("Filled")
+                .field("primitive", primitive)
+                .field("bounds", bounds)
+                .finish(),
+        }
+    }
+}

wgpu/src/widget/canvas/frame.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+use crate::primitive::{self, Primitive};
+use crate::widget::canvas::fill::{self, Fill};
+use crate::widget::canvas::{
+    LineCap, LineDash, LineJoin, Path, Stroke, Style, Text,
+};
+
+use iced_native::{Gradient, Point, Rectangle, Size, Vector};
+
+use lyon::geom::euclid;
+use lyon::tessellation;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+/// The frame of a [`Canvas`].
+///
+/// [`Canvas`]: crate::widget::Canvas
+#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
+pub struct Frame {
+    size: Size,
+    buffers: BufferStack,
+    primitives: Vec<Primitive>,
+    transforms: Transforms,
+    fill_tessellator: tessellation::FillTessellator,
+    stroke_tessellator: tessellation::StrokeTessellator,
+}
+
+enum Buffer {
+    Solid(tessellation::VertexBuffers<primitive::ColoredVertex2D, u32>),
+    Gradient(
+        tessellation::VertexBuffers<primitive::Vertex2D, u32>,
+        Gradient,
+    ),
+}
+
+struct BufferStack {
+    stack: Vec<Buffer>,
+}
+
+impl BufferStack {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { stack: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    fn get_mut(&mut self, style: &Style) -> &mut Buffer {
+        match style {
+            Style::Solid(_) => match self.stack.last() {
+                Some(Buffer::Solid(_)) => {}
+                _ => {
+                    self.stack.push(Buffer::Solid(
+                        tessellation::VertexBuffers::new(),
+                    ));
+                }
+            },
+            Style::Gradient(gradient) => match self.stack.last() {
+                Some(Buffer::Gradient(_, last)) if gradient == last => {}
+                _ => {
+                    self.stack.push(Buffer::Gradient(
+                        tessellation::VertexBuffers::new(),
+                        gradient.clone(),
+                    ));
+                }
+            },
+        }
+
+        self.stack.last_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn get_fill<'a>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        style: &Style,
+    ) -> Box<dyn tessellation::FillGeometryBuilder + 'a> {
+        match (style, self.get_mut(style)) {
+            (Style::Solid(color), Buffer::Solid(buffer)) => {
+                Box::new(tessellation::BuffersBuilder::new(
+                    buffer,
+                    TriangleVertex2DBuilder(color.into_linear()),
+                ))
+            }
+            (Style::Gradient(_), Buffer::Gradient(buffer, _)) => Box::new(
+                tessellation::BuffersBuilder::new(buffer, Vertex2DBuilder),
+            ),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_stroke<'a>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        style: &Style,
+    ) -> Box<dyn tessellation::StrokeGeometryBuilder + 'a> {
+        match (style, self.get_mut(style)) {
+            (Style::Solid(color), Buffer::Solid(buffer)) => {
+                Box::new(tessellation::BuffersBuilder::new(
+                    buffer,
+                    TriangleVertex2DBuilder(color.into_linear()),
+                ))
+            }
+            (Style::Gradient(_), Buffer::Gradient(buffer, _)) => Box::new(
+                tessellation::BuffersBuilder::new(buffer, Vertex2DBuilder),
+            ),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Transforms {
+    previous: Vec<Transform>,
+    current: Transform,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+struct Transform {
+    raw: lyon::math::Transform,
+    is_identity: bool,
+}
+
+impl Transform {
+    /// Transforms the given [Point] by the transformation matrix.
+    fn transform_point(&self, point: &mut Point) {
+        let transformed = self
+            .raw
+            .transform_point(euclid::Point2D::new(point.x, point.y));
+        point.x = transformed.x;
+        point.y = transformed.y;
+    }
+
+    fn transform_style(&self, style: Style) -> Style {
+        match style {
+            Style::Solid(color) => Style::Solid(color),
+            Style::Gradient(gradient) => {
+                Style::Gradient(self.transform_gradient(gradient))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn transform_gradient(&self, mut gradient: Gradient) -> Gradient {
+        let (start, end) = match &mut gradient {
+            Gradient::Linear(linear) => (&mut linear.start, &mut linear.end),
+        };
+        self.transform_point(start);
+        self.transform_point(end);
+        gradient
+    }
+}
+
+impl Frame {
+    /// Creates a new empty [`Frame`] with the given dimensions.
+    ///
+    /// The default coordinate system of a [`Frame`] has its origin at the
+    /// top-left corner of its bounds.
+    pub fn new(size: Size) -> Frame {
+        Frame {
+            size,
+            buffers: BufferStack::new(),
+            primitives: Vec::new(),
+            transforms: Transforms {
+                previous: Vec::new(),
+                current: Transform {
+                    raw: lyon::math::Transform::identity(),
+                    is_identity: true,
+                },
+            },
+            fill_tessellator: tessellation::FillTessellator::new(),
+            stroke_tessellator: tessellation::StrokeTessellator::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the width of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn width(&self) -> f32 {
+        self.size.width
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the height of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {
+        self.size.height
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the dimensions of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> Size {
+        self.size
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the coordinate of the center of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn center(&self) -> Point {
+        Point::new(self.size.width / 2.0, self.size.height / 2.0)
+    }
+
+    /// Draws the given [`Path`] on the [`Frame`] by filling it with the
+    /// provided style.
+    pub fn fill(&mut self, path: &Path, fill: impl Into<Fill>) {
+        let Fill { style, rule } = fill.into();
+
+        let mut buffer = self
+            .buffers
+            .get_fill(&self.transforms.current.transform_style(style));
+
+        let options = tessellation::FillOptions::default()
+            .with_fill_rule(into_fill_rule(rule));
+
+        if self.transforms.current.is_identity {
+            self.fill_tessellator.tessellate_path(
+                path.raw(),
+                &options,
+                buffer.as_mut(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            let path = path.transform(&self.transforms.current.raw);
+
+            self.fill_tessellator.tessellate_path(
+                path.raw(),
+                &options,
+                buffer.as_mut(),
+            )
+        }
+        .expect("Tessellate path.");
+    }
+
+    /// Draws an axis-aligned rectangle given its top-left corner coordinate and
+    /// its `Size` on the [`Frame`] by filling it with the provided style.
+    pub fn fill_rectangle(
+        &mut self,
+        top_left: Point,
+        size: Size,
+        fill: impl Into<Fill>,
+    ) {
+        let Fill { style, rule } = fill.into();
+
+        let mut buffer = self
+            .buffers
+            .get_fill(&self.transforms.current.transform_style(style));
+
+        let top_left =
+            self.transforms.current.raw.transform_point(
+                lyon::math::Point::new(top_left.x, top_left.y),
+            );
+
+        let size =
+            self.transforms.current.raw.transform_vector(
+                lyon::math::Vector::new(size.width, size.height),
+            );
+
+        let options = tessellation::FillOptions::default()
+            .with_fill_rule(into_fill_rule(rule));
+
+        self.fill_tessellator
+            .tessellate_rectangle(
+                &lyon::math::Box2D::new(top_left, top_left + size),
+                &options,
+                buffer.as_mut(),
+            )
+            .expect("Fill rectangle");
+    }
+
+    /// Draws the stroke of the given [`Path`] on the [`Frame`] with the
+    /// provided style.
+    pub fn stroke<'a>(&mut self, path: &Path, stroke: impl Into<Stroke<'a>>) {
+        let stroke = stroke.into();
+
+        let mut buffer = self
+            .buffers
+            .get_stroke(&self.transforms.current.transform_style(stroke.style));
+
+        let mut options = tessellation::StrokeOptions::default();
+        options.line_width = stroke.width;
+        options.start_cap = into_line_cap(stroke.line_cap);
+        options.end_cap = into_line_cap(stroke.line_cap);
+        options.line_join = into_line_join(stroke.line_join);
+
+        let path = if stroke.line_dash.segments.is_empty() {
+            Cow::Borrowed(path)
+        } else {
+            Cow::Owned(dashed(path, stroke.line_dash))
+        };
+
+        if self.transforms.current.is_identity {
+            self.stroke_tessellator.tessellate_path(
+                path.raw(),
+                &options,
+                buffer.as_mut(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            let path = path.transform(&self.transforms.current.raw);
+
+            self.stroke_tessellator.tessellate_path(
+                path.raw(),
+                &options,
+                buffer.as_mut(),
+            )
+        }
+        .expect("Stroke path");
+    }
+
+    /// Draws the characters of the given [`Text`] on the [`Frame`], filling
+    /// them with the given color.
+    ///
+    /// __Warning:__ Text currently does not work well with rotations and scale
+    /// transforms! The position will be correctly transformed, but the
+    /// resulting glyphs will not be rotated or scaled properly.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally, all text will be rendered on top of all the layers of
+    /// a [`Canvas`]. Therefore, it is currently only meant to be used for
+    /// overlays, which is the most common use case.
+    ///
+    /// Support for vectorial text is planned, and should address all these
+    /// limitations.
+    ///
+    /// [`Canvas`]: crate::widget::Canvas
+    pub fn fill_text(&mut self, text: impl Into<Text>) {
+        let text = text.into();
+
+        let position = if self.transforms.current.is_identity {
+            text.position
+        } else {
+            let transformed = self.transforms.current.raw.transform_point(
+                lyon::math::Point::new(text.position.x, text.position.y),
+            );
+
+            Point::new(transformed.x, transformed.y)
+        };
+
+        // TODO: Use vectorial text instead of primitive
+        self.primitives.push(Primitive::Text {
+            content: text.content,
+            bounds: Rectangle {
+                x: position.x,
+                y: position.y,
+                width: f32::INFINITY,
+                height: f32::INFINITY,
+            },
+            color: text.color,
+            size: text.size,
+            font: text.font,
+            horizontal_alignment: text.horizontal_alignment,
+            vertical_alignment: text.vertical_alignment,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Stores the current transform of the [`Frame`] and executes the given
+    /// drawing operations, restoring the transform afterwards.
+    ///
+    /// This method is useful to compose transforms and perform drawing
+    /// operations in different coordinate systems.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_save(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Frame)) {
+        self.push_transform();
+
+        f(self);
+
+        self.pop_transform();
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_transform(&mut self) {
+        self.transforms.previous.push(self.transforms.current);
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop_transform(&mut self) {
+        self.transforms.current = self.transforms.previous.pop().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    /// Executes the given drawing operations within a [`Rectangle`] region,
+    /// clipping any geometry that overflows its bounds. Any transformations
+    /// performed are local to the provided closure.
+    ///
+    /// This method is useful to perform drawing operations that need to be
+    /// clipped.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_clip(&mut self, region: Rectangle, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Frame)) {
+        let mut frame = Frame::new(region.size());
+
+        f(&mut frame);
+
+        let translation = Vector::new(region.x, region.y);
+
+        self.clip(frame, translation);
+    }
+
+    pub fn clip(&mut self, frame: Frame, translation: Vector) {
+        let size = frame.size();
+        let primitives = frame.into_primitives();
+
+        let (text, meshes) = primitives
+            .into_iter()
+            .partition(|primitive| matches!(primitive, Primitive::Text { .. }));
+
+        self.primitives.push(Primitive::Group {
+            primitives: vec![
+                Primitive::Translate {
+                    translation,
+                    content: Box::new(Primitive::Group { primitives: meshes }),
+                },
+                Primitive::Translate {
+                    translation,
+                    content: Box::new(Primitive::Clip {
+                        bounds: Rectangle::with_size(size),
+                        content: Box::new(Primitive::Group {
+                            primitives: text,
+                        }),
+                    }),
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Applies a translation to the current transform of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn translate(&mut self, translation: Vector) {
+        self.transforms.current.raw = self
+            .transforms
+            .current
+            .raw
+            .pre_translate(lyon::math::Vector::new(
+                translation.x,
+                translation.y,
+            ));
+        self.transforms.current.is_identity = false;
+    }
+
+    /// Applies a rotation in radians to the current transform of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn rotate(&mut self, angle: f32) {
+        self.transforms.current.raw = self
+            .transforms
+            .current
+            .raw
+            .pre_rotate(lyon::math::Angle::radians(angle));
+        self.transforms.current.is_identity = false;
+    }
+
+    /// Applies a scaling to the current transform of the [`Frame`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scale(&mut self, scale: f32) {
+        self.transforms.current.raw =
+            self.transforms.current.raw.pre_scale(scale, scale);
+        self.transforms.current.is_identity = false;
+    }
+
+    /// Produces the [`Primitive`] representing everything drawn on the [`Frame`].
+    pub fn into_primitive(self) -> Primitive {
+        Primitive::Group {
+            primitives: self.into_primitives(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn into_primitives(mut self) -> Vec<Primitive> {
+        for buffer in self.buffers.stack {
+            match buffer {
+                Buffer::Solid(buffer) => {
+                    if !buffer.indices.is_empty() {
+                        self.primitives.push(Primitive::SolidMesh {
+                            buffers: primitive::Mesh2D {
+                                vertices: buffer.vertices,
+                                indices: buffer.indices,
+                            },
+                            size: self.size,
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+                Buffer::Gradient(buffer, gradient) => {
+                    if !buffer.indices.is_empty() {
+                        self.primitives.push(Primitive::GradientMesh {
+                            buffers: primitive::Mesh2D {
+                                vertices: buffer.vertices,
+                                indices: buffer.indices,
+                            },
+                            size: self.size,
+                            gradient,
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.primitives
+    }
+}
+
+struct Vertex2DBuilder;
+
+impl tessellation::FillVertexConstructor<primitive::Vertex2D>
+    for Vertex2DBuilder
+{
+    fn new_vertex(
+        &mut self,
+        vertex: tessellation::FillVertex<'_>,
+    ) -> primitive::Vertex2D {
+        let position = vertex.position();
+
+        primitive::Vertex2D {
+            position: [position.x, position.y],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl tessellation::StrokeVertexConstructor<primitive::Vertex2D>
+    for Vertex2DBuilder
+{
+    fn new_vertex(
+        &mut self,
+        vertex: tessellation::StrokeVertex<'_, '_>,
+    ) -> primitive::Vertex2D {
+        let position = vertex.position();
+
+        primitive::Vertex2D {
+            position: [position.x, position.y],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct TriangleVertex2DBuilder([f32; 4]);
+
+impl tessellation::FillVertexConstructor<primitive::ColoredVertex2D>
+    for TriangleVertex2DBuilder
+{
+    fn new_vertex(
+        &mut self,
+        vertex: tessellation::FillVertex<'_>,
+    ) -> primitive::ColoredVertex2D {
+        let position = vertex.position();
+
+        primitive::ColoredVertex2D {
+            position: [position.x, position.y],
+            color: self.0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl tessellation::StrokeVertexConstructor<primitive::ColoredVertex2D>
+    for TriangleVertex2DBuilder
+{
+    fn new_vertex(
+        &mut self,
+        vertex: tessellation::StrokeVertex<'_, '_>,
+    ) -> primitive::ColoredVertex2D {
+        let position = vertex.position();
+
+        primitive::ColoredVertex2D {
+            position: [position.x, position.y],
+            color: self.0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn into_line_join(line_join: LineJoin) -> lyon::tessellation::LineJoin {
+    match line_join {
+        LineJoin::Miter => lyon::tessellation::LineJoin::Miter,
+        LineJoin::Round => lyon::tessellation::LineJoin::Round,
+        LineJoin::Bevel => lyon::tessellation::LineJoin::Bevel,
+    }
+}
+
+fn into_line_cap(line_cap: LineCap) -> lyon::tessellation::LineCap {
+    match line_cap {
+        LineCap::Butt => lyon::tessellation::LineCap::Butt,
+        LineCap::Square => lyon::tessellation::LineCap::Square,
+        LineCap::Round => lyon::tessellation::LineCap::Round,
+    }
+}
+
+fn into_fill_rule(rule: fill::Rule) -> lyon::tessellation::FillRule {
+    match rule {
+        fill::Rule::NonZero => lyon::tessellation::FillRule::NonZero,
+        fill::Rule::EvenOdd => lyon::tessellation::FillRule::EvenOdd,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn dashed(path: &Path, line_dash: LineDash<'_>) -> Path {
+    use lyon::algorithms::walk::{
+        walk_along_path, RepeatedPattern, WalkerEvent,
+    };
+    use lyon::path::iterator::PathIterator;
+
+    Path::new(|builder| {
+        let segments_odd = (line_dash.segments.len() % 2 == 1)
+            .then(|| [line_dash.segments, line_dash.segments].concat());
+
+        let mut draw_line = false;
+
+        walk_along_path(
+            path.raw().iter().flattened(0.01),
+            0.0,
+            lyon::tessellation::StrokeOptions::DEFAULT_TOLERANCE,
+            &mut RepeatedPattern {
+                callback: |event: WalkerEvent<'_>| {
+                    let point = Point {
+                        x: event.position.x,
+                        y: event.position.y,
+                    };
+
+                    if draw_line {
+                        builder.line_to(point);
+                    } else {
+                        builder.move_to(point);
+                    }
+
+                    draw_line = !draw_line;
+
+                    true
+                },
+                index: line_dash.offset,
+                intervals: segments_odd
+                    .as_deref()
+                    .unwrap_or(line_dash.segments),
+            },
+        );
+    })
+}

wgpu/src/widget/canvas/geometry.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use crate::Primitive;
+
+/// A bunch of shapes that can be drawn.
+///
+/// [`Geometry`] can be easily generated with a [`Frame`] or stored in a
+/// [`Cache`].
+///
+/// [`Frame`]: crate::widget::canvas::Frame
+/// [`Cache`]: crate::widget::canvas::Cache
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Geometry(Primitive);
+
+impl Geometry {
+    pub(crate) fn from_primitive(primitive: Primitive) -> Self {
+        Self(primitive)
+    }
+
+    /// Turns the [`Geometry`] into a [`Primitive`].
+    ///
+    /// This can be useful if you are building a custom widget.
+    pub fn into_primitive(self) -> Primitive {
+        self.0
+    }
+}